Forensic Android

Cybersecurity Report on Vulnerabilities and Security Issues in Android 16 Smartphones

Prepared: April, 2025

Author: Strategic Analysis Unit – CEPRODE EUROPE

Data forensic analysis reveals Android 16 security vulnerabilities.

Download the full report here:

Android_16_Cybersecurity_Report.pdf

Stáhnout PDF • 254KB

Overview

Android 16, the latest Android operating system iteration, introduces new security features while addressing numerous vulnerabilities found in previous versions. Despite improvements, Android 16 and devices running it remain susceptible to various security threats, including zero-day exploits, memory vulnerabilities, and device-targeted attacks. This report details the key vulnerabilities, security issues, and mitigations relevant to Android 16 smartphones as of May 2025.

1. Key Vulnerabilities in Android 16

a. Memory Corruption and Remote Code Execution (RCE) Vulnerabilities

A critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-27363 affects the FreeType font rendering library used in Android. This 'out-of-bounds' memory issue can allow arbitrary code execution, potentially exploited in real-world attacks. While patches have been applied to Android 13 and 14, this vulnerability remains a concern for devices not yet updated to Android 15 or 16.

b. System Component Vulnerabilities

The most critical vulnerability fixed in the May 2025 security update involves the Android System component, enabling local code execution without extra privileges. This flaw could allow attackers to execute malicious code on the device, leading to unauthorized access or control.

c. Zero-Day Exploits

Google's May 2025 security bulletin revealed 47 vulnerabilities patched, including one actively exploited zero-day vulnerability. Zero-day exploits pose significant risks as they are used by attackers before patches are available.

2. New Security Features in Android 16

a. Advanced Protection Mode (APM)

Android 16 introduces an optional Advanced Protection Mode aimed at enhancing device security for high-risk users such as journalists and activists. Key features include:

• Blocking USB data access when the device is locked.

• Disabling sideloading permissions, blocking 2G networks, enabling Memory Tagging Extension (MTE).

  
  

• Blocking insecure WEP Wi-Fi connections.

• Letting apps detect APM status and adjust their behavior accordingly.

3. Persistent Security Issues and Threats

a. Delayed Updates and Fragmentation

Samsung Galaxy devices and other manufacturers often delay security patches compared to Google's Pixel line, leaving millions of devices vulnerable to known exploits. For example, many Samsung users remain on Android 15 or earlier without the latest security fixes.

b. USB-Based Attacks

Without APM enabled, Android devices remain vulnerable to USB attacks that can brute force lock screens or inject malicious payloads via USB peripherals. This risk is heightened for lost or confiscated devices.

c. Malware and Spyware

Android devices continue to face threats from malware and spyware, often distributed via unofficial app stores or malicious apps. These can steal sensitive data such as contacts, passwords, and financial information

d. Network Threats

Man-in-the-middle attacks on public Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connections remain a significant threat, allowing attackers to intercept or manipulate data in transit. Weak network protocols and open Wi-Fi hotspots exacerbate this risk.

e. Device Theft and Data Breach Risks

Smartphones are prone to theft due to their portability. Stolen devices can lead to data breaches if not properly secured with encryption and strong authentication.

4. Recommendations for Users and Administrators

• Apply Security Updates Promptly: Install the latest Android security patches immediately to mitigate known vulnerabilities.

• Enable Advanced Protection Mode: Especially for high-risk users to prevent USB and network attacks.

• Use Secure Networks: Avoid unsecured public Wi-Fi and disable Bluetooth when not in use.

• Install Apps from Trusted Sources: Only download apps from official app stores and verify app permissions.

• Employ Strong Authentication and Encryption: Use strong passcodes, biometric locks, and device encryption.

• Regularly Review App Permissions: Monitor and restrict app permissions to minimize attack surfaces.

Conclusion

Android 16 represents a significant step forward in smartphone security with new features like Advanced Protection Mode and ongoing vulnerability patches. However, persistent issues such as delayed manufacturer updates, USB-based attack vectors, and network threats continue to pose risks. Users and organizations must remain vigilant by applying timely updates, adopting new security features, and following best practices to safeguard Android 16 devices against evolving cyber threats.